General Software testing interview questions.

1. Have you used automatic testing tools. Which ones?...
Project sizes are becoming big and as continuous enhancements are happening Automation scripts are playing major role in the Testing.
Apart form the Functionality testing tools are used in Performance testing to a great extent. Coming to your question we are using.Mercury tools to test the functionality and performance of windows client(Messenger) and dashboards apart form this we are using telecom stress tools to test the telecom server functionality these tools are developed internally depends as per the requirement. We are using Mercury’s Test directory for test management.

2. How would you build a test with WinRunner? Rational Visual Test?
In WinRunner we have to use checkpoint for building a testcase.

3. What is considered a good test?
1.A good test must ensure error-free and reliable functioning of the software.
2. A good test must be completed in optimum time and cost.
3. Not redundant.
4. The probablity of finding an error is minimised to a great extent.

4. How would you conduct a test: top-down or down-top? What is it? Which one is better?
This concept comes in the integration testing the perpouse of integration testing is combing deffirant modules in our project and cheek the funcationality
In top - down approach testing is conducted from main moduel to sub moduel
In bottom - up appoch testing is conducted from submoduel to main moduel
assume that your project has three modules
example for top - down
m1 -> m2 -> m3 etc
bottom - up
m3 -> m2 -> m1

5. How to develop a test plan ? How to develop a test case?
Test plant is prepared by test lead after completion of test initiation.
in that test plan test lead follows some factors. they are:
1. team formation,
2. analyse tactical risks
3. prepare test plan and
4. review test plan.

6. How do you see a QA role in the product development life cycle?
The role of QA :
Preparing Test Strategy
Preparing Test Methodology
Preparing Test Plan

7. What is the size of your executable?
Size of release or size of executabe referes to the Kilo line of the code (number of line written for the application )is mentioned in the kilo line , we can eloborate this as
Eg for a module A Total line =(coded line+ commented line +blank line )
in which the No. of blank lines can be ignored

8. What version of Oracle database did you use?
SQL> select banner from V$version;This is the command to know "what Version we are working"

9. How would you execute a SQL query in Oracle 8?
We can execute any SQL queries using the SQL editor or TOAD or SQL*Plus....

10. What version of OS were you using?
Windows XP.

11. Have you tested front-end of back-end?
Both.Generally we check Front end, but functionality is always work in combination with back end.

12. What was the most difficult problem you ever found while testing?
Sometimes some bugs are not reproducible, this is the worst case i feel when that bug not get fixed.

13. What were you responsible to test in your previous company?
Involved in Manual Testing part :
The following are my responsibilities:
1. Understanding the Functional, Specification and Design documents
2. Preparing the Requirement Traceability matrix and Test Plan
3. Test Case Preparation: Main goal is to cover each and every requirement, test cases are prepared according to the Test case standards (means Font size- Arial10, the name of the test case should be short and descriptive, without spelling and grammar mistakes etc), every requirement should have at least one test case, test cases must be prepared for all valid, invalid, expected and unexpected scenario’s, should be prepared based on the Test case template (Test case Id, Test case name, precondition, description, steps, input, Expected result, actual output, status(pass/fail), designer, date and time, application name, module name, version, Remarks)
4. Test Case Execution: Executing the Test case for particular scenario to decide the variation between the Expected Result and actual output. And to decide whether the given input is producing the expected output. And to analyze the application as per the requirement
5. Analyzing the Test Results: Analyze the results to find out is there any difference between actual and expected result. To find out the bugs. To check whether all the customer requirements are satisfied
6. Report the bugs and Log the bugs in the Defect Tracker: Usually Test Director,Sanity Testing: Test the application to decide whether it is ready for testing, whether the major functionalities are working or not, it is the initial testing
7. Retesting: Testing the application or module to check whether the reported bug is solved/ rectified or not
8. Regression Testing: Testing the application whether the major bug is solved and to check whether any new bugs are introduced
9. Functional Testing: Testing the application to check whether all the functional requirements are satisfied or testing the application according to the functionality
10. Bug report generation: Analyze the test results, findout the bugs, log them in the Defect Tracker, generate the report
11. Issue raising and resolving: while understanding the application, is at all any doubts, raise them and conduct discussions with the higher authority or team members and get them resolved


14. Why do you like to test?
Testing is my pleasure.I think here i have to phase new challenges daily and i really like it.

15. How would you conduct your test?
To conduct a test; first and most importing thing is test bed.

16. What is the difference between testing and debugging?
Testing: It is done by Tester to evaluating the efficiency,accuracy , performance of the developed project/soetware and genrating a report for that softawre. whatever errors arrises during the testing ll be send to developer. Developer have to solve that problems and send back to tester...this process goes continious until tester generate an error free report.

Debugging: It is done by the Developer. Here developer fixing the bugs, which arrives through tester/user/programmer during debugging time

Load Testing interview questions

1.What criteria would you use to select Web transactions for
load testing?

2.For what purpose are virtual users created?

3.Why it is recommended to add verification checks to your
all your scenarios?

4.In what situation would you want to parameterize a
text verification check?

5.Why do you need to parameterize fields in your virtual user script?

6.What are the reasons why parameterization is necessary when
load testing the Web server and the database server?

7.How can data caching have a negative effect on load testing results?

8.What usually indicates that your virtual user script has
dynamic data that is dependent on you parameterized fields?

9.What are the benefits of creating multiple actions within
any virtual user script?

10. What is a Load Test Results Summary Report?

Linux interview questions -3

41. Q. What is a faster way to do the same command?

mv fileO.txt newdir

mv filel.txt newdir

mv file2.txt newdir

mv file3.txt newdir

A. A shortcut method would be: mv file?.txt newdir

42. Q. List two ways to create a new file:

A.

a. Copy a file to make a new file.

b. Use the output operator e.g. ls -l > newfile.txt

43. Q. What is the difference between > and >> operators?

A. The operator > either overwrites the existing file (WITHOUT WARNING) or creates a new file.

The operator >> either adds the new contents to the end of an existing file or creates a new file.

44. Write the command to do the following:

44.1 Redirect the output from the directory listing to a printer.

44.2 Add the file efg.txt to the end of the file abc.txt.

44.3 The file testdata feeds information into the file called program

44.4 Observe the contents of the file called xyz.txt using MORE.

44.5 Observe a directory listing that is four screens long.

A.

44.1 ls > lpr

44.2 cat efg.txt >> abc.txt

44.3 program < testdata 44.4 more < xyz.txt 44.5 ls > dirsave | more

45. Q. How do you estimate file space usage

A. Use du command (Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for

directories.) Good to use arguments du -hs

(-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

(-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument)

46. Q. How can you see all mounted drives?

A. mount -l

47. Q. How can you find a path to the file in the system?

A. locate file_name (locate - list files in databases that match a pattern)

48. Q. What Linux HotKeys do you know?

A. Ctrl-Alt-F1 Exit to command prompt

Ctrl-Alt-F7 or F8 Takes you back to KDE desktop from command prompt

Crtl-Alt-Backspace Restart XWindows

Ctrl-Alt-D Show desktop

49. Q. What can you tell about the tar Command?

A. The tar program is an immensely useful archiving utility. It can combine

an entire directory tree into one large file suitable for transferring or

compression.

50. Q. What types of files you know?

A. Files come in eight flavors:

Normal files

Directories

Hard links

Symbolic links

Sockets

Named pipes

Character devices

Block devices

51. Q. How to copy files from on PC to another on the same network

A. Use the following command:scp yur_file you_login@your_IP

example: copy .conf file from your PC to alex computer-

scp /etc/X11/xorg.conf alex@10.0.10.169:

52. Q. Please describe information below:

-rw-rw-r-- 1 dotpc dotpc 102 Jul 18 2003 file.buf

drwxr-xr-x 9 dotpc dotpc 4096 Oct 21 09:34 bin

lrwxrwxrwx 1 dotpc dotpc 20 Mar 21 15:00 client -> client-2.9.5

drwxrwxr-x 11 dotpc dotpc 4096 Sep 2 2005 client-2.8.9

drwxrwxr-x 7 dotpc dotpc 4096 Dec 14 12:13 data

drwxr-xr-x 12 dotpc dotpc 4096 Oct 21 09:41 docs

drwxr-xr-x 5 dotpc dotpc 4096 Dec 7 14:22 etc

drwxr-xr-x 11 dotpc dotpc 4096 Mar 21 15:54 client-2.9.5

-rw-r--r-- 1 dotpc dotpc 644836 Mar 22 09:53 client-2.9.5.tar.gz

A. This is a result of command $ls -l

we have two files, 6 directories and one link to client-2.9.5 directory.

There is number of files in every directory, size and data of last change.

53. Q. If you would like to run two commands in sequence what operators you can use?

A. ; or && the difference is:

if you separate commands with ; second command will be run automatically.

if you separate commands with && second command will be run only in the case

the first was run successfully.

54. Q. How you will uncompress the file?

A. Use tar command (The GNU version of the tar archiving utility):

tar -zxvf file_name.tar.gz

55. Q.How do you execute a program or script, my_script in your current directoty?

A. ./my_script

56. Q.How to find current time configuration in the file my_new.cfg

A. grep time my_new.cfg

Grep searches the named input files (or standard input if

no files are named, or the file name - is given) for lines

containing a match to the given pattern.

Q. What does grep() stand for?

A. General Regular Expression Parser.

57. Q. What does the top command display?

A. Top provides an ongoing look at processor activity in real

time. It displays a listing of the most CPU-intensive

tasks on the system, and can provide an interactive inter­

face for manipulating processes. (q is to quit)

58. Q. How can you find configuration on linux?

A. by using /sin/ifconfig

If no arguments are given, ifconfig displays the status of the cur-

rently active interfaces. If a single interface argument is given, it displays the status of the given interface only; if a single -a argu-

ment is given, it displays the status of all interfaces, even those

that are down. Otherwise, it configures an interface.

59. Q. How to find difference in two configuration files on the same server?

A. Use diff command that is compare files line by line

diff -u /usr/home/my_project1/etc/ABC.conf /usr/home/my_project2/etc/ABC.conf

60. Q. What is the best way to see the end of a logfile.log file?

A. Use tail command - output the last part of files

tail -n file_name ( the last N lines, instead of the last 10 as default)

61. Q. Please write a loop for removing all files in the current directory that contains a word 'log'

A. for i in *log*; do rm $i; done

62. Question: How to switch to a previously used directory?

Answer: cd -

Linux interview questions -2

21. Q. How to remove directory with files?
A. rm -rf directory_name

22. Q. What is the difference between internal and external commands?
A. Internal commands are stored in the; same level as the operating system while external
commands are stored on the hard disk among the other utility programs.

23. Q. List the three main parts of an operating system command:
A. The three main parts are the command, options and arguments.

24 Q. What is the difference between an argument and an option (or switch)?
A. An argument is what the command should act on: it could be a filename,
directory or name. An option is specified when you want to request additional
information over and above the basic information each command supplies.

25. Q. What is the purpose of online help?
A. Online help provides information on each operating system command, the
syntax, the options, the arguments with descriptive information.
26. Q. Name two forms of security.
A. Two forms of security are Passwords and File Security with permissions specified.

27. Q. What command do you type to find help about the command who?
A. $ man who

28. Q. What is the difference between home directory and working directory?
A. Home directory is the directory you begin at when you log into the
system. Working directory can be anywhere on the system and it is where you are currently
working.

29. Q. Which directory is closer to the top of the file system tree, parent directory or current directory?
A. The parent directory is above the current directory, so it is closer to
the root or top of the
file system.

30. Q. Given the following pathname:
$ /business/acctg/payable/supplier/april
a) If you were in the directory called acctg, what would be the relative
pathname name for the file called april?
b) What would be the absolute pathname for april?
A.
a) $ payable/supplier/april
b) $ /business/acctg/payable/supplier/april

31. Q. Suppose your directory had the following files:
help. 1 help.2 help.3 help.4 help.O1 help.O2
aid.O1 aid.O2 aid.O3 back. 1 back.2 back.3
a) What is the command to list all files ending in 2?
b) What is the command to list all files starting in aid?
c) What is the command to list all "help" files with one character extension?
A.
a) ls *2
b) ls aid.*
c) ls help.?

32. Q. What are two subtle differences in using the more and the pg commands?
A. With the more command you display another screenful by pressing
the spacebar, with pg you press the return key.
The more command returns you automatically to the UNIX
shell when completed, while pg waits until you press return.

33. Q. When is it better to use the more command rather than cat command?
A. It is sometimes better to use the more command when you are viewing
a file that will display over one screen.

34. Q. What are two functions the move mv command can carry out?
A. The mv command moves files and can also be used to rename a file or directory.

35. Q. Name two methods you could use to rename a file.
A. Two methods that could be used:
a. use the mv command
b. copy the file and give it a new name and then remove the original file if no longer needed.

36. The soccer league consists of boy and girl teams. The boy file names begin
with B, the girl teams begin with G. All of these files are in one directory
called "soccer", which is your current directory:
Bteam.abc Bteam.OOl Bteam.OO2 Bteam.OO4
Gteam.win Gteam.OOl Gteam.OO2 Gteam.OO3
Write the commands to do the following:
a) rename the file Bteam.abc to Bteam.OO3.
b) erase the file Gteam. win after you have viewed the contents of the file
c) make a directory for the boy team files called "boys", and one for the girl team files
called" girls"
d) move all the boy teams into the "boys" directory
e) move all the girl teams into the "girls" directory
f) make a new file called Gteam.OO4 that is identical to Gteam.OOl
g) make a new file called Gteam.OO5 that is identical to Bteam.OO2
A.
a) mv Bteam.abc Bteam.OO3.
b) cat Gteam.win -or- more Gteam.win
rm Gteam. win
c) mkdir boys
mkdir girls
d) mv Bteam* boys
e) mv Gteam* girls
f) cd girls
cp Gteam.OO1 Gteam.OO4
g) There are several ways to do this. Remember that we are currently in the directory
/soccer/girls.
cp ../boys/Bteam.OO2 Gteam.OO5
or
cd ../boys
cp Bteam.OO2 ../girls/Gteam.OO5

37. Q. Draw a picture of the final directory structure for the "soccer"
directory, showing all the files and directories.

38. Q. What metacharacter is used to do the following:
1.1 Move up one level higher in the directory tree structure
1.2 Specify all the files ending in .txt
1.3 Specify one character
1.4 Redirect input from a file
1.5 Redirect the output and append it to a file
A.
1. 1.1 double-dot or ..
1.2 asterisk or *
1.3 question or ?
1.4 double greater than sign: >>
1.5 the less than sign or <

39. Q. List all the files beginning with A
A. To list all the files beginning with A command: ls A*

40. Q. Which of the quoting or escape characters allows the dollar sign ($) to retain its special meaning?
A. The double quote (") allows the dollar sign ($) to retain its special meaning.
Both the backslash (\) and single quote (') would remove the special meaning of the dollar sign.

Software testing Questions

1. What is software quality assurance?

2. What is the value of a testing group? How do you justify your work and budget?

3. What is the role of the test group vis-୶is documentation, tech support, and so forth?

4. How much interaction with users should testers have, and why?

5. How should you learn about problems discovered in the field, and what should you learn from those problems?

6. What are the roles of glass-box and black-box testing tools?

7. What issues come up in test automation, and how do you manage them?

8. What development model should programmers and the test group use?

9. How do you get programmers to build testability support into their code?

10. What is the role of a bug tracking system?

11. What are the key challenges of software testing?

12. Have you ever completely tested any part of a product? How?

13. Have you done exploratory or specification-driven testing?

14. Should every business test its software the same way?

15. Discuss the economics of automation and the role of metrics in testing.

16. Describe components of a typical test plan, such as tools for interactive products and for database products, as well as cause-and-effect graphs and data-flow
diagrams.

17. When have you had to focus on data integrity?

18. What are some of the typical bugs you encountered in your last assignment?

19. How do you prioritize testing tasks within a project?

20. How do you develop a test plan and schedule? Describe bottom-up and top-down approaches.

Linux interview questions -1

1. Q. How do you list files in a directory?
A. ls - list directory contents
ls �l (-l use a long listing format)

2. Q. How do you list all files in a directory, including the hidden files?
A. ls -a (-a, do not hide entries starting with .)

3. Q. How do you find out all processes that are currently running?
A. ps -f (-f does full-format listing.)

4. Q. How do you find out the processes that are currently running or a particular user?
A. ps -au Myname (-u by effective user ID (supports names)) (a - all users)

5. Q. How do you kill a process?
A. kill -9 8 (process_id 8) or kill -9 %7 (job number 7)
kill -9 -1 (Kill all processes you can kill.)
killall - kill processes by name most (useful - killall java)


6. Q. What would you use to view contents of the file?
A. less filename
cat filename
pg filename
pr filename
more filename
most useful is command: tail file_name - you can see the end of the log file.

7. Q. What would you use to edit contents of the file?
A. vi screen editor or jedit, nedit or ex line editor

8. Q. What would you use to view contents of a large error log file?
A. tail -10 file_name ( last 10 rows)

9. Q. How do you log in to a remote Unix box?
A. Using telnet server_name or ssh -l ( ssh - OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program))

10.Q. How do you get help on a UNIX terminal?
A. man command_name
info command_name (more information)

11.Q. How do you list contents of a directory including all of its
subdirectories, providing full details and sorted by modification time?
A. ls -lac
-a all entries
-c by time

12.Q. How do you create a symbolic link to a file (give some reasons of doing so)?
A. ln /../file1 Link_name
Links create pointers to the actual files, without duplicating the contents of
the files. That is, a link is a way of providing another name to the same file.
There are two types of links to a file:Hard link, Symbolic (or soft) link;

13.Q. What is a filesystem?
A. Sum of all directories called file system.
A file system is the primary means of file storage in UNIX.
File systems are made of inodes and superblocks.

14.Q. How do you get its usage (a filesystem)?
A. By storing and manipulate files.

15.Q. How do you check the sizes of all users� home directories (one command)?
A. du -s
df

The du command summarizes disk usage by directory. It recurses through all subdirectories and shows disk usage by each subdirectory with a final total at the end.

Q. in current directory
A. ls -ps (p- directory; s - size)

16.Q. How do you check for processes started by user 'pat'?

A. ps -fu pat (-f -full_format u -user_name )

17.Q. How do you start a job on background?

A. bg %4 (job 4)

18 Q. What utility would you use to replace a string '2001' for '2002' in a text file?

A. Grep, Kde( works on Linux and Unix)

19. Q. What utility would you use to cut off the first column in a text file?
A. awk, kde

20. Q. How to copy file into directory?
A. cp /tmp/file_name . (dot mean in the current directory)